Jurnal Angka

Strategi Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Masyarakat untuk Memperkuat Identitas UNNES sebagai Kampus Konservasi

Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Waste management has become an increasingly complex environmental challenge that requires effective and participatory solutions. As a university that upholds the identity of a Conservation Campus, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) is responsible for developing a waste management system that not only focuses on technical aspects but also promotes a culture of environmental conservation. This study aims to analyze community-based waste management strategies in strengthening UNNES's identity as a Conservation Campus. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants were selected using purposive sampling and included conservation program managers, waste bank administrators, lecturers, students, and administrative staff involved in waste management activities. The findings reveal that the success of waste management at UNNES is supported by the integration of the Integrated Waste Processing Facility (TPST), the implementation of the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), waste bank programs, Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot cultivation, and active participation from the university community. These strategies not only reduce waste generation and increase the economic value of waste but also strengthen the culture of conservation through its integration into the university’s Tri Dharma (education, research, and community service). This study provides a practical model of community-based waste management that can be adopted by other higher education institutions to support sustainable development and strengthen environmentally oriented institutional identities.

Pengaruh Perbedaan Konsentrasi Propilen Glikol dan Sorbitol pada Evaluasi Fisik dari Sediaan Sirup Parasetamol

Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Syrup is a concentrated liquid dosage form containing active ingredients in an aqueous medium with the addition of sugar or sugar substitutes, and may also contain flavoring agents or medicinal substances. Paracetamol is classified as an active ingredient with low solubility in water; therefore, special techniques are required to improve its solubility. In the formulation of paracetamol syrup, sorbitol is used as an additive functioning as a sweetening agent, while propylene glycol acts as a cosolvent to enhance the solubility of the active ingredient. This study aimed to determine the effect of variations in the concentrations of propylene glycol and sorbitol as solubility-enhancing agents on the physical properties and active substance content of paracetamol syrup. The research methods included the preparation of paracetamol syrup and the evaluation of its physical characteristics, including organoleptic test, solubility test, pH test, specific gravity test, and viscosity test.

Karakteristik, Mekanisme, dan Potensi Terapeutik Vesikel Ekstraseluler Turunan Tanaman sebagai Sistem Penghantaran Obat Berbasis Nano: Tinjauan Literatur

Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have recently gained attention as promising natural nanocarriers for drug delivery applications due to their biocompatibility, stability, and intrinsic biological activity. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics, drug delivery mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of PDEVs through a systematic literature review approach. Literature searching was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for articles published between 2015 and 2025. The selected articles were screened based on relevance, inclusion criteria, and full-text availability. The findings showed that PDEVs generally possess nanoscale particle sizes ranging from 30–200 nm, negative zeta potential, and lipid bilayer structures that support vesicle stability and cellular interactions. In addition, PDEVs are capable of delivering therapeutic agents through endocytosis-mediated uptake and intracellular release mechanisms, while also modulating several signaling pathways, including NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2, and NLRP3 inflammasome. Various studies also demonstrated that PDEVs exhibit intrinsic therapeutic activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant effects through cross-kingdom communication mediated by biomolecular transfer. Compared to synthetic nanoparticles, PDEVs offer better biocompatibility, lower toxicity, and improved targeting capability. However, challenges related to standardization, physicochemical variability, and limited clinical studies remain important limitations for future development. Overall, PDEVs represent a promising and innovative nano-based drug delivery system with considerable potential for future therapeutic applications.

Penggunaan Polivinil Pirolidon (PVP) sebagai Bahan Pengikat pada Formula Tablet: Literature Review

Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Tablets are a solid dosage form commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry due to their stability, ease of administration, and suitability for precise dosing. Tablet quality is influenced by many factors, particularly the tablet granules; therefore, additives such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are required to enhance these qualities. The purpose of this review article is to systematically analyze the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a binder in tablet formulations and its effects on granule and tablet characteristics. The method used was a literature review with descriptive analysis of scientific articles published between 2022 and 2025 obtained from Google Scholar. The results of the study indicate that PVP can improve particle cohesion in granules; however, increasing the PVP concentration tends to prolong the tablet disintegration time. Therefore, the use of PVP needs to be evaluated to achieve a balance between granule and final tablet properties. The findings of this review serve as a valuable reference for the development of high-quality tablet formulations.

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) terhadap Bakteri Gram Positif dan Gram Negatif (Tinjauan literatur)

Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Due in large part to the rise in antibiotic resistance, bacterial infections continue to be a serious worldwide health concern caused by irrational drug use. This condition encourages the exploration of natural antibacterial agents, including betel leaf (Piper betle L.), which contains bioactive compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils. This study aims to analyze the antibacterial activity of betel leaf extract against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through a literature review approach. Data was gathered from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect within the last 5–10 years, using relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were examined descriptively by comparing extraction methods, concentrations, bacterial types, and inhibition zone diameters. The outcomes indicate that betel leaf extract exhibits antibacterial activity against both types of bacteria, with greater effectiveness against Gram-positive bacteria, as indicated by larger inhibition zones. The antibacterial activity increases with higher extract concentrations and is influenced by extraction methods and solvents used. The active compounds in betel leaf work by damaging bacterial cell membranes, inhibiting enzymes, and disrupting cellular metabolism. This study offers empirical support for the possible application of betel leaf as a natural antibacterial agent and complementary therapy, However, more research is needed to validate its clinical efficacy and safety.

Pengaruh Digital Lifestyle, Financial Goal Setting, dan Social Media Marketing terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Mahasiswa FEB UNNES Angkatan 2025 di Era Platform Digital

Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The development of digital technology and social media has brought about changes in students’ consumption patterns in the era of digital platforms. The high intensity of technology use, the ease of online transactions, and constant exposure to promotions on social media have contributed to an increase in consumerist behavior among students. This study aims to analyze the influence of digital lifestyle, financial goal setting, and social media marketing on the consumer behavior of FEB UNNES students in the class of 2025. This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive-verification approach. The study population consists of 1,677 FEB UNNES students of the 2025 cohort, with a sample of 94 respondents determined using the Slovin formula. Data were collected via a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that digital lifestyle has a positive and significant influence on students’ consumer behavior. Meanwhile, financial goal setting has a negative influence, although not yet significant. Conversely, social media marketing also has a positive influence on consumer behavior, although the effect is not yet significant at the partial level. Overall, these three variables explain 40% of the variation in students’ consumer behavior. This study is expected to serve as a source of information and a reference for improving digital financial literacy and managing students’ consumer behavior in the digital era.